Unit+6

=﻿Unit 6=

__U.S. Steps To World War I__

 * Trading with Britain was key to American economy.
 * German U-Boats, under the German influence of unrestricted submarine warfare, shot and sunk the Lusitania which killed 128 Americans. Roosevelt called it an act of "Piracy".
 * Wilson remained neutral after the Lusitania attack, until the election of 1916 where tension was growing between Germany and U.S. at the time of his election.[[image:woodrow-wilson.jpg width="199" height="259" caption="President Woodrow Wilson"]]
 * The Zimmerman telegram was sent from Germany to Mexico, but intercepted by the British after they boarded a German ship heading to American waters. This telegram suggested an alliance between Germany and Mexico if America became involved in the war. In return Mexico would recieve lost territory such as Texas, and other annexed lands.
 * Congress voted to declare war with Germany and as a result, all countries involved in the entangling alliances as well on April 6, 1917.[[image:WWI-Axis-markings.jpg width="308" height="198" caption="Axis Powers"]]
 * United States enter Britain in 1917 to offer an alliance against Britain and the Axis Powers including U.S.S.R., and France. [[image:imagesCAE00LWM.jpg caption="Allied Forces"]]

Post WWI America 1919-1921 List Of Key Points

 * 100,000 businesses went bankrupt.
 * Nearly 5 million Americans lost their jobs.
 * 453,000 farmers went bankrupt and lost their land.
 * Boston Police Strike increases violence and looting.
 * Race riots against African Americans occur in Chicago, St. Louis, and New York.
 * Intense Anti-Radicalism took place due to expansion of communism and the Red Scare.
 * Radicals are socialists and communists, and anyone who opposes the government, such as anarchists.
 * African Americans and women flood the North to occupy vacated jobs previously occupied by white males.
 * Palmer raids were undergone to expose and confiscate any weapons held by anarchist people in American society.
 * Issues of communism emerge as Soviet Union revolutionizes into the Communist International which has goals to spread communism.

=﻿Chapter 24: "The New Era"=

The Roaring 20's

 * //Affluence//-Wealth and prospeirity.
 * First movie is produced, expands social environment and activity.
 * Racialism increases as the KKK reaches prime membership holding.
 * Alcohol bootlegging flooded the blackmarket as a result to the prohibition.
 * First radio station appears that improves public entertainment and sporting events.
 * There was tension between the conservatist population and progressive era population.
 * //Conservatism//-Valuing the status quote and condition. Not wanting any dramatic changes.
 * Hollywood, the movie capital of the nation issued standards to its movies before public release.
 * Reading material for leisure appeared as the Reader's Digest and Time magazine were founded.
 * //Cultural Fravality//-Pending money, socializing, and participating in leisure activities and entertainment.
 * First computer is produced that's holds memory and calculates extreme math situations. Leads to electronic progress.

Page 649: The Cinema

 * By the end of WWI half of the theatres in the world were in America.
 * Hollywood still dominates the film industry today, but there is worldwide involvement in most films.
 * U.S. was the first nation to develop a film indusrty, and basically dominate the film-making market.
 * Even music from America is faced with more competition than movies exported from the United States.
 * Hollywood produced over 700 films a year in the 1920's. More than 10 times more than any other nation.
 * WWI devestated the film indusrty in Europe which allowed for a boom in the united States film industry to dominate the market.
 * 75% in France, 80% in Latin America, and 95% in Canada and Great Britain is the percentage of films viewed that were created in the U.S. in the 1920's.
 * Over time the influence from worldwide film industries such as French, Asian and Australlian films have caused the film industry in America to become as popular and diverse as it is today.

**Page 652-653: Dance Halls**

 * Music: Jazz
 * Radio broadcasted songs which got people moving.
 * Led to more dancing and a more festive atmosphere.
 * Social events where people communicate with one another.
 * Mainly the youth danced, which popularized to everybody eventually.
 * Sought to release tension through dancing and bring excitement to the dance floor.
 * Dance Halls were open as a choice for people when saloons or taverns were closed.
 * Usually a trio and each get a turn to produce a solo act. Supposed to blend improvisation.
 * With segregation going on and tension between races, not all ethic groups danced together in one hall.

Herbert Hoover

 * Dealt with the economic issues during the presidency of Coolidge and Harding.
 * Hoover believes in Laissez Faire Capatilism, minimal governement interference in the economy.
 * Elected mainly due to his economic government experience and his success during the 1920's.
 * Associationalism was his main philosophy, and wanted businesses to work together in harmony.

Causes of the Economic Downturn

 * Global debt structure, result of WWI.
 * Stock Market crash, "Black Tuesday".
 * Too much borrowing, especially farmers.
 * Unstable banking system, risky, unregulated.
 * Overspeculation on stocks, risky investments.
 * Overproduction and overexpansion left too much supply.
 * Declining exports, low demand for United States goods overseas.
 * Too much economic focus on only a few industries, especially automobiles.
 * A small percentage of Americans controlled a high percentage of the money in circulation.

Steps To Make A Downturn Into A Depression

 * Layoffs in big industries.
 * Lack of money circulating throughout.
 * People losing homes, farms, and businesses.
 * Banks fail and people lose money in their savings.

Depressed Economy Recovery Steps

 * Return to a healthy loan system.
 * Consumer spending starts again.
 * New jobs are created and available.
 * Reduce government spending on artificial wealth.
 * Cut government spending on sophisticated travel, jets and limosuines.
 * Create jobs that are longterm and require numerous employers to complete.
 * Regulate banking systems and people in control of massive amounts of money.
 * Open government controlled industries that can help revive economies and open jobs to citizens.

Hoover's Attempts to Fight Depression

 * Voluntarism- Hoover promoted businessmen to allow for higher wages and better working conditions for workers employed by them.
 * Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RCF)- Government agency which lent loans out to struggling businesses like railroads and failing banks. Limited success.
 * Hawley-Smoot Tariff- Increased protection on seventy-five farm products to keep prices stable and farmers from going bankrupt. Caused European nations to respong with a similar tariff which slowed foreign trade.
 * Agricultural Marketing Act- First major government program to assist farmers in regulating prices on their goods. Government purchased surplus goods to keep farmers happy and crops in circulation and to prevent prices from plummeting.
 * Government Spending- Allowed the government to spend to increase construction and assist local communities both in Public Works Projects, and welfare for citizens. Hoover wanted to expand this aspect of government spending to $423 million annually until the depression ceased. Increased jobs.
 * Hoover would not win re-election because of the Farmers' Holiday, Bonus Army, and the emergence of Franklin Delanor Roosevelt (FDR).

Movie on Hoover
media type="custom" key="8392096" media type="custom" key="8486970"
 * Self Made Man-Orphan to mining CEO to millionaire.
 * Created a game called Hoover ball.
 * "The only thing bad about capatilism, is the capatilists. They're too greedy."
 * Hoover Hotel-Cardboard shack.
 * Hooverville-Collection of cardboard shacks, shack city.
 * Hoover Flag-Empty pocket turned inside out.
 * Hoover's election was a failure because the economy was down and there was no immediate solution to the problem.

Legacies of the New Deal

 * Social Security and other existing relief programs.
 * Created new jobs to employ millions and revive economy.
 * Changed role of federal government in economy and society.
 * Gave government new boundaries to follow as far as action towards the economy was concerned.
 * The government created jobs which created airports and roads that still exist and function to this day.
 * Created and established a new eight year max for the presidential election and time allowed in office by one president.
 * Government became more of a regulator and more of a safety net ot caretaker. Since the New Deal, people have looked up to the government to solve their problems.
 * The electoral realignment of democratic candidates now controlled a broad coalition of western farmers, urban working class, as well as poor folk, blacks, progressives, and new liberals. It would be a long time until the republicans would gain control again.