Unit+3

Expansion Of Slavery Plantations Due To Cotton Production
 * (This Snip-It represents a 1,000 acre Alabama slave plantation, compared to the city of Malden.)**
 * Between 1820-1860, the number of slaves in the South rapidly expanded.
 * Alabama rose from 41,000 slaves to 436,000 slaves.
 * Virginia from 425,000 slaves to 490,000 slaves.
 * In these two states alone there were over 925,000 slaves at work every single day.
 * Cotton became the number 1 production major in the Southern United States producing 5 million bales a year and it's average revenue was $200 million a year.
 * This occoured with the introduction of short-staple cotton which could grow more successfully than long-staple cotton and a much broader variety of climates.
 * In contrast the value of the rice trade, (Which up until a few years ago was among the dominant sales in the U.S.) was making revenues of only $2 million a year.
 * The South was booming in crop production, as the north producede finished goods. This distinction caused conflict in the idea of seperating the country into two individual economic countries. This was an idea because of the South's great success and there greed of not wanting any of their economic expansion to rise to the North.

Southern Social Structure
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Chapter 12 Preview

 * Antebellum-Term meaning before war. (Pre-War)
 * Schism-Term meaning division or seperate form of.
 * Temperance-Term meaning avoiding excess or limit amounts. (Moderation)
 * 1821-New York creates first prison.
 * 1829-David Walker publishes Appeal...to the colored people. (Maybe some turmoil between whites, and freed blacks.)
 * 1830-Book of Mormon is published. (Possible religious changes or problems.)
 * 1837-Horace Mann becomes 1st seceratary of Massachusetts Board of Education. (Start of education expansion and reforms.)
 * 1840-Liberty Party formed.
 * 1842-According to Supreme Court case //Prigg// v. //Pennsylvania,// states do not have to enforce return of fugitive slaves.
 * 1844-Mormon leader, Joseph Smith is killed. (May cause religious conflicts in courts, or rebellious action)
 * 1845-1st professional teachers' association formed in Massachusetts.
 * 1847-Mormons found Salt Lake City, expanding their culture.
 * 1848-Women's rights convention held at Seneca Falls, New York.
 * 1848-Women's rights debates upset Society of Friends (Quakers).

Pros and Cons of Alcohol Consumption
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 * __**Pros**__ || __**Cons**__ ||
 * * Makes people more social.
 * Can increase economic status.
 * Can be expotered top other countries for profit.
 * Can be taxed both in and out of the country.
 * Produced in mass amounts.
 * People enjoy consumption of alcohol.
 * Can relax people and feels good.
 * Used at parties and social events to make them more enjoyable. || * Dangerous if consumed in large amounts.
 * Known to make people make mis-judged decisions.
 * Easier to pressure someone.
 * Can make people violent and upset.
 * Increases every feeling and cn numb pain.
 * Causes sickness and headaches.
 * Limits control of the body and mind.
 * Can be very addictive if consumed rapidly and often.
 * Dangerous to children nd under-age citizens. ||
 * Drinking is not just a phase, it can be an addiction.
 * If consumed too much it can cause death.
 * It can cause you to make rash, not thought out decisions.
 * It can change who you are and change everyone around you.
 * This can change your life for the worse and will if uncontrolled.

Expanding Settlements Pg. 340-363
Manifest Destiny-Belief that citizens, sentenced by god's will, must expand and conquer all the land of the United States. Popular Soveirgnity-Idea that a state could decide with a popular vote whether or not they wanted to allow freedom in their state or to make it a slave state. California became a state because the Pacific Ocean is directly connected to it so that would increase trade routes. Between 1810 and 1830, the land reach was expanded to just before the mid-west and by 1830-1850, it went all the way upto the land surrounding Louisiana which would later be purchased. Why wasn't the top of Maine or Florida, or the Northern section of Michigan settled? The Emigrant Trail started with a small railroad from Houston to San Antonio, and from there went to San Diego California. The Old Spanish Trail and the Oregon Trail both began in the Mid-West and extended to Oregon, and Los Angeles. Why weren't train tracks extended to follow these popular trails? __**Pg. 347 The Oregon Boundary, 1846**__ There was a large contreversy between Britian and the U.S. over the land left of the Rocky Mountains. A large overlap of area claimed by both U.S. and Britian caused turmoil among them. This land was in the vicinity of Fort Vancouver and Fort Victoria.A trety was made that divided the land so U.S. has all land above Fort Victoria until the Russian Claims, and Britian has all land below until Mexican Claims. __**Pg. 349 The Mexican War 1846-1848**__ The Mexican-American War erupted after a land dispute left of Texas down into Mexico. The United States won all battles except one at San Pasqual in California. America won the war and recieved all land disputed, with respect to the Rio Grande River border of Mexico, and assuming all claims made against Mexico by American citizens. As well as a hefty payment of $15 million. __**Pg. 350 South Western Expansion 1845-**__**__1853__** After the Treaties of 1819 and Guadalupe Hidalgo, there was still a large land dispute between U.S. and Mexico, over the land to the left of Texas. This land was above the Rio Grande River boundary, but still after the Hidalgo Treaty Line and both countries claimed it. The Mexicans in my opinion didn't see hoe America could claim the land and vice versa. Why didn't the Treaty of Hidalgo go over the disputed land in the first place? media type="custom" key="7624707"
 * __Pg. 340 Expanding Settlement 1810-1850__** Before 1810, only the East Coast was settled by whites.
 * __Pg. 345 Western Trails in 1850__** As the land to the West was settled, there were many popular trails that were followed. They consisted of: The Mormon Trail which started in Mid-Iowa and extended all the way to L.A. California. This path was created by the Mormon's who created Salt Lake City on their quest for a Mormon perfect society.
 * __Pg.354 Slave And Free Territories Under The Comprise Of 1850__** The total populationm of the United States was a total of 42.7% of the population. The top half of the nation was all free and below were all slave states. The Utah and New Mexico Territory was able to decidde whether or not they wanted to have a free or slave state. In my opinion this division of the United States is similar to the split of North and South Korea. The differences of government caused a large war and a division of the two countries. This may happen to the United States as well because of the Slavery legal states and the free states. A Civil War may be inevitable.

**﻿Geographic Locations During Civil War**

 * South had advantage because the war was on their own land, and was mostly a defensive war for them.
 * New Orleans was an extremely important location as a port and banking center. It crippled the South when the North gained control of it.
 * The North created strict blockades in the Southern ports limiting imports. The last Southern port captured, Wilmington, was captured in early 1865.
 * William C. Quantrill was a brutal man known for killing anyone and everyone in his path. Seized Lawrence, Kansas. Fell to the Union Army.
 * Union Army leader Nathaniel Lyon fought against Confederates at the Battle of Wilson's Creek. He was killed but he seriously weakened the Confederate Army.
 * In Gettysburg, Pennsylvania the most celebrated battle of the war was fought, between Washington,and Robert E. Lee.

Perspectives on Civil War and Reconstruction

 * 1) **[[image:lincoln.jpg width="167" height="169" caption="Abarham Lincoln"]]Abarham Lincoln**-Lincoln, used the war as a fight to stop the rebellion in the South. He only wanted to reconnect the union, not in any way punish the South. He was a friendly man and only wanted to restore the states to their pre-war state, and abolish slavery.
 * 2) **[[image:lee.jpg width="153" height="163" caption="Robert E. Lee"]]Robert E. Lee**-Leader of the Confederate Army, he was a miraculous leader for the South. He would not fight for the cause of secession, but wanted to go on freely dealing with slaves and plantations, instead of making it illegal. This was his only chance so he used all tactics he knew, including those used by Stone Wall Jackson. He refused to fight with the North because he was from the South.
 * 3) **[[image:grant.jpg width="110" height="159" caption="Ulysses S. Grant"]]Ulysses S. Grant-**Similar to Lincoln's views, Grant only wanted to end the tensions between his fellow Southern brothers and stop seccesion and slavery, not punish the South for their actions against the union. Grant doesn't regret winning the war, and believes that South need to reconstruct to form around American views.
 * 4) **[[image:imagesCAZG9RI3.jpg caption="Slaves in Civil War"]]Slaves**-Free slaves in the North were glad to assist their brothers in getting freedom by joining the cause of the North. Although they were treated poorly, the African Americans assisted greatly in the war, their main effort was to abolish slavery in the union.
 * 5) **[[image:johnson.jpg width="145" height="157" caption="Andrew Johnson"]]Andrew Johnson**-Believed that Southern white men should gain control of the Southern territories after the war had ciesed. He became president after Lincoln's assasination.
 * 6) **[[image:flags.jpg width="205" height="147" caption="Political View of War"]]Radical Rebublicans**-Extremely rash and despised many people who favored seccesion. Believed Lincoln was being too soft towards the South. Believed their should be strict restrictions on the Southern re-entering the union.
 * 7) **[[image:slaves.jpg width="127" height="210" caption="Work Force Problems in South"]]Planter Class**-Afraid of losing theier slaves and plantations, the source of their incomes, they were also opposed to the war. The war would devestate their work efforts and end their plantation planting and harvesting.
 * 8) **[[image:Army%20at%20Home.jpg width="149" height="154" caption="Women's Roles in the War Effort"]]Northern Working Class**-Opposed the war, because of fears of Southerners and freed slaves taking their jobs, and expanding intoi the North and taking up land.

**﻿Lincoln Video**

 * 1) Lincoln taught himself military strategy, because he was unprepared before his presidency.
 * 2) Lincoln worked up to 18 hours a day to keep himself occupied with the military points.
 * 3) Lincoln decided to not only expand the effort to save the union, but to stop slavery in America using the war.
 * 4) As Commander In Chief, he was able to issue a slave freeing proclamation that ended slavery, because the Southern "rebellion" was being assisted by the slaves, so slavery needed to end to stop the rebellion.
 * 5) He reached the level of the founding fathers by issuing this document by awarding freedom to millions who have been denied.
 * 6) Lincoln boosted morale and re-wrote the promise to the Declaration at his speech in Gettysburg Address to create the cemetary for all the soldiers killed.
 * 7) Lincoln had to run for re-election in the North, the only election in history where only the union participates, against one of his former generals. His general ran a campaign saying he could end the war by negotiating with the South, but Lincoln won the election.
 * 8) 2 months before the election, the Union Army gained momentum,(Burning and capturing of Atlanta, March to the Sea) and pushed Lincoln to victory.

Reconstruction Video
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 * 1) Andrew Johnson, although targeted for assasination, wasn't killed and became the 17th president after Lincolns assasination by John Wlikes Booth.
 * 2) Ran as a running mate with Lincoln, to attract more voters for Lincolns presidency.
 * 3) Johnson had no schooling,(he taught himself how to read), very stubborn, and is very self-oriented. Looked to Jackson for assistance in the presidency.
 * 4) Johnson viewed the African Americans as savages, and wanted to keep slavery and have whites run the public affairs.
 * 5) Radical Rebublicans believed the South should be punished and to allow all Africans to become citizens.
 * 6) Johnson was unable to realize the rights of the slaves, and didn't guarantee their citizenship, or their civil rights.
 * 7) Johnson set the record for the number of vetoes of 29. He believes he has completely settled reconstruction, and congress doesn't want to follow his process and passes a list of bills to fix his reconstruction issues. These are the bills that Johnson vetoed.
 * 8) The record for over-ruling the presidents vetoes was set at 15 by congress during Johnsons presidency.